Abstract

ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS

R. Nikhil Gupta and S. Jyotsna Sravani*

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Abstract

Antibiotics are a class of drugs used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth. Antibiotics are an essential tool in modern medicine, as they help combat a wide range of bacterial infections, from minor ailments like ear infections to more serious conditions like pneumonia and sepsis. Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, where bacteria become less responsive to the drugs, making infections harder to treat. There are many different types of antibiotics, each with its own spectrum of activity and specific mechanisms of action. Some common classes of antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides, among others. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of bacterial infection and its susceptibility to the drug. Antibiotics selectively target microbial cells as opposed to host cells. The physical, chemical, and animal toxicity characteristics of antibiotics vary widely. These qualities allow some antibiotics to have extraordinary chemotherapeutic potential and be used to treat a variety of microbial illnesses in both humans and animals.

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