Abstract

ADVANCEMENT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER BIOMARKER SCREENING

Pragya Srivastava* and Vijayshwari Mishra

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Abstract

Cancer is an extremely complicated disease that spreads through a multi-step process that involves angiogenesis, resistance to apoptosis, unchecked cell growth, changes in cellular signalling, tissue invasion, and metastasis. The present review paper was based on the advancements of nanotechnology in cancer biomarker screening through MDPI, PubMed, and Scopus journals. After 2030, it is anticipated that 30 million individuals will succumb to cancer annually. A cancer biomarker is a biological molecule that can be found in the living tissues, bodily fluids, including saliva and urine, and can be used to identify the cancer cells. Quantum Dots, gold nanoparticles and polymer dots are the three most often used nanoparticle probes in the diagnosis of cancer. The presence of genome methylation patterns, known as Methylscape, has been observed in various forms of malignancies, indicating its potential utility as a cancer biomarker. EpCAM has been demonstrated to have considerable expression on circulating tumour cells (CTCs) derived from several types of human malignancies, making it a suitable candidate for use as a cell surface biomarker. The findings from the molecular analysis indicated that there was an elevation in Cas2 mRNA levels in the cancer cells that were subjected to treatment with carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes. It concluded that cancer biomarker screening is one of the main factors in the detection of various subtypes. It is highly likely that cancer nanotechnology will soon provide a comprehensive, efficient, dependable, and secure approach to cancer detection and therapy.

Keywords: Cancer, biomarker, nanotechnology, mRNA, genes.