Abstract

DIURETICS IN HYPERTENSION MANAGEMENT: ADVANCEMENTS THROUGH PRECISION MEDICINE

Yashika Bhatia, Md. Arqam, Preeti Gupta* and Aseem Sethi*

Abstract

One major worldwide health concern is hypertension, which has a substantial impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Medications, especially diuretics, have long been the cornerstone of hypertension management since they lower blood pressure and avert related problems. But new developments in precision medicine have completely changed the way diuretic therapy is administered, with personalized treatment plans based on each patient's unique genetic profile and biomarkers. Within the framework of precision medicine, this study examines the changing role of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Diuretics, which have distinct effects on renal physiology and electrolyte balance, are essential parts of hypertension therapy. These include thiazides, loop diuretics, and potassium-sparing medicines. As a result of multiple clinical trials and meta-analyses that have demonstrated their effectiveness in decreasing blood pressure, they are frequently recommended as first-line treatments in treatment guidelines. By using genomic data to customize diuretic medication to specific patient features, precision medicine introduces a paradigm change. Genetic differences affecting renal transporters, pharmacodynamic responses, and drug metabolism are becoming increasingly understood to be important predictors of treatment outcomes. Renal function markers and electrolyte levels are examples of biomarkers that are used to improve patient-specific therapy algorithms, maximizing benefits and reducing side effects. Thanks to developments in genetic research, innovative diuretics with reduced side effects and increased therapeutic efficacy may now have viable targets. These advances hold the prospect of more precise therapies based on patient-specific genetic profiles, potentially addressing long standing difficulties associated with diuretic medication, such as electrolyte abnormalities and renal impairment. Moreover, the use of digital health technology enables instantaneous tracking of treatment reactions, augmenting therapeutic compliance and results for patients with hypertension. Despite these developments, there are still obstacles to overcome before precision medicine techniques may be widely applied in clinical settings. Significant obstacles still include concerns about cost-effectiveness, availability of genetic testing, and ethical issues with patient permission and data privacy. Nevertheless, in order to get past these obstacles and promote the incorporation of precision medicine into standard hypertension treatment regimens, there are continuing research projects and collaborative efforts involving clinicians, researchers, and policymakers. To sum up, diuretics continue to be essential in the management of hypertension, and precision medicine presents exciting opportunities to maximize their therapeutic advantages. The potential for a revolutionary shift in the management of hypertension toward safer, more efficient, and patient-centered care paradigms exists with the integration of genetic insights and customized treatment techniques. This abstract offers a thorough synopsis of the review paper, stressing the revolutionary role of precision medicine in enhancing the safety and efficacy profiles of diuretics and emphasizing their importance in the management of hypertension.

Keywords: Diuretics, Hypertension, Precision Medicine, Pharmacogenomics, Biomarkers.