Abstract

TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS TREATMENT

*Nilesh Bagal, Utkarsh Bhamare, Prasad Rodge, Pratik Shirsath, Mayur Bagul, Swapnil Koli

Abstract

The infectious disease tuberculosis is mostly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs, although it can also impact the brain and spine. People with TB in their lungs can sneeze, cough, or spit, which can spread the disease through the air. Although the illness is treatable and avoidable, it continues to be the leading cause of infection-related mortality worldwide, accounting for around 4500 deaths and 30,000 new cases per day. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest and most ancient illnesses known to man. It continues to be a major global health, economic and social burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In the treatment of tuberculosis, A six-month schedule comprising rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide administered for two months, followed by rifampicin and isoniazid for four months, is the optimum course of action for individuals with fully susceptible organisms who comply with therapy. Unless the likelihood of medication resistance is low (i.e., the community has less than 4% primary isoniazid resistance, the patient has not previously received antituberculosis medication, is not from a nation where drug resistance is common, and has not been exposed to a drug-resistant case), the initial regimen should include ethambutol (or streptomycin in kids who are not old enough to have their visual acuity checked. Even in cases where the infecting organism exhibits resistance to INH, this four-drug, six-month regimen remains successful. This advice is applicable to both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Nonetheless, evaluating the clinical and bacteriologic response is crucial when HIV infection is present. Therapy should be continued if there is evidence of a sluggish or subpar response, as determined case-by-case.

Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, illnesses, mortality, resistance, rifampicin.