Abstract

ARE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RISK OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK?

El Azouzi R.*, Fagouri J., Ziani G., Fellat I. and Cherti M.

Abstract

Pacemaker implantations as a treatment for atrioventricular (AV) block are increasing worldwide. Implantation are still an invasive intervention associated with complications particular in elderly. Prevention strategies for AV block are lacking because the causality between risk factors have not yet been established. Aim of the study: identify risk factors leading to AV block; particulary in a Moroccan populations. Design of the study: Retrospective, descriptive study conducted over a 12-month period from January 2022 to December 2022. Clinical and para-clinical characteristics, early and medium-term complications were evaluated. A total of 190 patients were selected for the analysis. Results: Among the 190 participants (107 [56%] women; 83 [44%] male, Sex ratio: 0, 77 Mean age: 72 years with 90 % of patients were older than 60 years Lipothymia and syncope were the most encountered symptoms. (46% and 43%); dyspnea in the third position (36%), only 5% of patients were asymptomatic. ECG identified in 61 % a cardiac Frequency between 28 – 39, atrial fibrillation occurred in 19% of cases, 54% had a QRS larger than 120 ms. 19% of patients had paroxysmal AV block. History of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction was identified only in 6 % cases, 10% with mild reduced EF 25% of patients had a AV block associated with myocardial infarction. Two modifiable risk factors were also independently associated with AV block: High blood pressure and hyperglycemia: 69% of patients had hypertension, followed by 34% cases of diabetes, smoking and dyslipidemia in 20% each, with obesity in 6% of cases. Conclusions: In this analysis of data from a small Moroccan population-based study, results suggest that a large proportion of AV blocks are associated with hypertension and diabetes. Elevated blood pressure and blood glucose levels were associated with the development of AV block. Optimizing blood pressure and glucose level control might be an effective prevention’s strategy for conduction disease pacemaker implantation.

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