Abstract

INNOVATIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR CANCER: CURRENT TRENDS AND A REVIEW OF CURRENT ADVANCEMENTS

Poonam Pant and Amit Kumar Sen*

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Abstract

Cancer is expected to be the world's biggest cause of death in 2020, accounting for 10 million deaths and 19.3 million new cases worldwide. Conventional techniques, including as radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, can damage healthy cells and result in drug resistance. Stem cell therapy is an advanced cancer treatment that uses undifferentiated bone marrow cells to differentiate into various body cells, which makes it a safe and effective therapeutic option. In 2006, developments in cell biology made headway, eschewing moral conundrums related to embryonic death. While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are employed to treat primary and metastatic breast cancer as well as other malignancies, adult stem cells (ASCs) are necessary for tissue regeneration and repair. Molecularly focused cancer therapies, commonly referred to as targeted medication delivery, impede growth molecules in order to stop the growth and spread of cancer. The TM circumstances of the tumor dictate its initiation and progression; hence a crucial field of study is targeted therapy. Because conventional chemotherapy mimics normal cells, it is difficult to treat. Protein kinase B and serine/threonine kinase are examples of angiogenic factors that are blocked by enzyme inhibitors like Avastin, which target cells that control cell survival. One useful method for addressing gene silence and interfering with the creation of proteins is RNA interference, or RNAi. Three methods of administration are being studied: chemical modification, lipid encapsulation, and conjugation with organic molecules. Cells secrete microscopic particles called exosomes, which contain compounds that encourage the spread of disease, and have been linked to a number of disorders, including cancer. The microbiome and the human immune system are closely related, and IgA antibodies are essential for protecting the environment and getting rid of pathogens. Tumor-specific antigens (TAA) are the goal of cancer vaccines, which seek to enhance immune responses against cancer. Cancer vaccination platforms come in four varieties: peptide-based, viral-based, nucleic acid-based, and cell-based. Tumor cell targeting has shown effective with oncolytic virus immunotherapy, peptide-based vaccinations, nucleic acid-based vaccinations, DNA and mRNA-based vaccinations, and customized vaccines like NeoVax.

Keywords: Cancer, Therapy, Exosome, Immunotherapy, Vaccines.