Abstract

EVALUATION OF THE ANTISTREPTOCOCCAL POWER OF PHYTOEXTRACTS OF COMBRETUM RACEMOSUM P. BEAUV. (COMBRETACEAE)

Kamou Kamou Richard*, Dibi Emmanuel Aya Diane Boudouin, Tra-Bi Ottis, Ouattara Karamoko, Nanga Yessé Zinzendorf, Gnahoué Gouéh and Coulibaly Adama

Abstract

Streptococcus pyogenes is becoming increasingly worrying due to its pathogenicity in live-stock and human populations, its resistance to first-line antibiotics, its involvement in cross-contamination of food and food production chains in agro-industry. In addition, it is the third deadliest bacteria in the world, and is the cause of various infections causing approximately 517,000 deaths per year worldwide. The aim of this study was to develop, through experimentation, an innovative, effective and affordable phytomolecule for the microbiological control of bacterial species of the Streptococcus genus in livestock and humans. To do this, a preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out on five (5) crude aqueous and hydro-organic extracts of the leaves of C. racemosum, an ivorian medicinal plant. The in-vitro antistreptococcal power of these extracts was tested on S. pyogenes (ATCC® 19615TM) and on S. pyogenes (20751), two (2) multi-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes, a bacterial species often identified in animal and animal infections. human. The antibacterial test carried out on S. pyogenes (ATCC® 19615TM) and on S. pyogenes (20751) showed that these bacteria are sensitive to each plant extract according to a dose-response relationship at concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 mg/mL, and that Eeth constitutes the most effective antibacterial extract on the streptococci studied. This partly justifies the use of C. racemosum in Ivorian traditional therapy against superficial infections of the skin, skin appendages and mucous membranes. For these extracts, the recorded MIC varied between 3.125 ± 0.00 mg/mL and 25 ± 0.00 mg/mL, while the MBC varied between 6.25 ± 0.00 mg/mL and 100 ± 0.00 mg /mL. Preliminary triphytochemistry of the five crude extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and tannins (catechic and gallic) at varying degrees of concentrations in this study. Eeth, the most active extract in this study, contained the bioactive molecules mentioned above in varying concentrations. This study shows that the macerated hydroethanolic crude extract (Eeth) constitutes the most active fraction of all the five crude extracts tested in this work. Consequently, it could, subject to toxicological study, be used for the fight against streptococci and the treatment of superficial streptococcal infections of the skin, mucous membranes and skin appendages in livestock and humans.

Keywords: Combretum racemosum, antistreptococcal power, phytoextracts.