Abstract

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS: ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS FOR HUMAN HEALTH

Aravind T.*

Abstract

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are essential nutrients necessary for various physiological functions. These vitamins are lipophilic and primarily absorbed in the intestine in the presence of dietary fats. Once absorbed, they are stored in the liver and adipose tissues, allowing for slow release and usage by the body. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in vision, cell growth, and differentiation. It is sourced from both plant-based foods like dark leafy greens and animal products such as liver and fish oils. Vitamin D, vital for calcium and phosphate homeostasis and bone health, can be obtained from fish, fortified foods, and sunlight exposure. Vitamin E, an antioxidant, is important for cell membrane protection and immune function. It is found in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. Lastly, Vitamin K, crucial for blood clotting and bone health, is present in green leafy vegetables and fermented foods. Deficiencies in these vitamins can lead to serious health issues such as night blindness (Vitamin A), rickets or osteomalacia (Vitamin D), increased oxidative stress (Vitamin E), and bleeding disorders (Vitamin K). Conversely, excessive intake may result in toxicity due to their slow elimination from the body. Ensuring a balanced intake through diet and supplements, if necessary, is essential for maintaining optimal health and preventing both deficiencies and toxicities.

Keywords: Fat – Soluble vitamins, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K.