Abstract

NEUROGENESIS: CLINICAL AND NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATES

Neelam U Kanade*, Rachana Sarawade, Nasreen Chaudhary and Pranali Paradkar

Abstract

Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain in a constitutive manner under physiological circumstances within two regions: the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Accumulating evidence has indicated the molecular mechanisms commonly underlying embryonic and adult neurogenesis. In the hippocampus, physical exercise and cognitive stimuli robustly increase the proliferation of precursor cells, whereas physical/psychosocial stress decreases the proliferation of newborn neurons. Thus, adult neurogenesis is intriguingly regulated by several genetic and environmental factors. In this review we first present a comprehensive view on Signaling pathways and transcription factor that are involved in mechanism of neurogenesis. And then we focus on regulation of neurogenesis and we consider the evidence that a regulation in neurogenesis underlies cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative disorders such as AD, Parkinson disease, Huntington‟s disease, Depression, Epilepsy, etc.

Keywords: Neurogenesis, Regions of Neurogenesis, Cellular mechanism, clinical correlations.