Abstract

INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF NEUROINFLAMMATION ON NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

Bipin Singh*, Md. Sayam Sheikh, Md. Shamim Ahmad, Shikha Kalyan, Md. Tanvir, Shadab and Atul Kumar Prasada

Abstract

Neuroinflammation stands as a pivotal contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (PD), significantly impacting disease progression and neuronal health. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), integral components of the innate immune system, play a central role in orchestrating neuroinflammatory responses in PD. This review elucidates the multifaceted involvement of TLRs in PD pathophysiology, highlighting their upregulated expression and contribution to dopaminergic neuronal loss. Elevated levels of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in PD brains underscore their significance in exacerbating neuroinflammation and driving disease pathology. Modulating TLR activation emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating neurodegenerative processes and preserving dopaminergic neurons in PD. However, the complex interplay between TLR-mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal survival presents challenges in translating these insights into effective clinical interventions. Further research is imperative to unravel the specific mechanisms by which TLRs influence PD pathogenesis and to identify novel therapeutic targets for neuroprotection and disease modification. By elucidating the intricate roles of TLRs in PD-associated neuroinflammation, this review aims to contribute to the development of targeted therapies aimed at halting disease progression and improving clinical outcomes for individuals affected by PD.

Keywords: Neuroinflammation, Parkinson's Disease, Toll-Like Receptors, Dopaminergic Neurons, Neurodegeneration, Therapeutic Intervention, Disease Modification.