Abstract

INFLUENZA VIRUS

Manisha Hanmante*, Hariom Raut, Manish Wahul, Deep Jawalkar

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Abstract

1. Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the influenza A or B virus. It frequently manifests in outbreaks and epidemics across the globe, particularly during the winter months. Infected individuals excrete substantial quantities of influenza virus particles in their respiratory secretions, facilitating transmission through sneezing and coughing, which release large droplets. In immunocompetent adult patients, the average duration of influenza virus shedding is approximately five days, although it may extend to ten days or longer, especially in children, the elderly, individuals with chronic health conditions, and those with compromised immune systems. The onset of influenza is typically marked by a sudden high fever, muscle aches, headaches, and general malaise. These symptoms are often accompanied by respiratory issues, including a dry cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion. Following the initial phase, influenza can lead to complications affecting other organs such as the lungs, brain, and heart, potentially resulting in hospitalization. The most effective preventive measure against influenza is the administration of annual vaccinations. For severely ill patients, initiating antiviral treatment within two days of symptom onset is linked to decreased morbidity and mortality, with the most significant benefits observed when treatment begins earlier. Given the considerable impact of this disease, we have reviewed the most recent developments in the diagnosis and management of influenza.

Keywords: Influenza, Human, Respiratory system, Vaccination.