Abstract

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF VITAMIN D AND B12 DEFICIENCIES AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY

Dr. Apada Reddy Gangadasu*, M. Pravallika, S. K. Manisha, S. K. Sumaiya Tabassum, and Shaik. Abdul Farook Ahamad

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Abstract

Background: Vitamin D and B12 are essential micronutrients crucial for numerous biological functions, including bone health, neurological function, and overall metabolic processes. Deficiencies in these vitamins can lead to significant health issues, particularly in young adults. This study aims to assess the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D and B12 deficiencies among college students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at SIMS College of Pharmacy, involving 34 volunteers selected through simple random sampling. Participants provided blood samples, which were analyzed for vitamin D and B12 levels using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). Additionally, data on weekly sun exposure, dietary habits, smoking, and alcohol consumption were collected through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, group analyses, and correlation analyses were performed to interpret the data. Results: Participants' mean vitamin D level was 22.79 ng/ml, with 70.6% of students within the recommended range (20-51 ng/ml). The mean vitamin B12 level was 312.59 pg/ml, with 94.1% within the standard range (200-911 pg/ml). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 29.40%, while vitamin B12 deficiency was 5.90%. Omnivores exhibited higher average vitamin levels than vegetarians and other dietary groups. A positive correlation (0.248) was observed between sun exposure and vitamin D levels, indicating the role of sunlight in enhancing vitamin D synthesis. The correlation between sun exposure and vitamin B12 levels was weaker (0.317), suggesting other influencing factors. Conclusion: The study highlights a significant prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among college students, emphasizing the need for targeted dietary interventions and supplementation, particularly for vegetarians. Promoting balanced diets and safe sun exposure practices are essential public health strategies to prevent deficiencies. Further research with larger sample sizes and diverse populations is recommended to generalize the findings and explore long-term health outcomes.

Keywords: Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Deficiency, College Students, Sun Exposure, Dietary Habits, Cross-Sectional Study.