Abstract

MULTIPLE MYELOMA- AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT AND NOVEL TREATMENT IN 2024

Sneha Manesh*

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Abstract

Multiple myeloma is a malignant neoplasm that builds up in the bone marrow, leading to renal failure, hypercalcemia, bone destruction, and anemia. It is slightly more common in men than in women and twice as common in African Americans. Clinical manifestations include bone abnormalities, low blood counts, nerve damage, hyper viscosity, renal insufficiency, and more. Although there have been numerous recent advances in the paradigm of multiple myeloma therapy, long term efficacy of current therapies is limited, and the likelihood of eventual relapse is quite high. Clonal evolution and changes to cellular signaling pathways are common methods in which myeloma cells acquire resistance, to drugs. This review provides an overview of evaluation of transplant eligibility, frailty score and recommendation of quadruplet and triplet regimens approved by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and European Hematology Association (EHA) and European Society for Medical Oncology clinical practice guidelines to transplant eligible and ineligible patients. In order to avoid drug resistance, overcome treatment limiting toxicities, and improve outcomes for patients with this incurable illness, further research on novel targets in multiple myeloma is necessary.

Keywords: Multiple myeloma, Quadruplet regimen, Triplet regimen, Maintenance therapy, CAR T-cell therapy.