Abstract

RECENT ANTI-DEPRESSANT MOLECULES FOR FUTURISTIC PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS: DEEP INSIGHTS INTO THE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY AND MECHANISM OF ACTIONS

Vikram Singh* and Yogesh Kr Sharma

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Abstract

A serious health problem that affects individuals of all ages and genders, depression is more common in women than in men. It is one of the main causes of disability globally and affects 340 million people. By 2025, depression is expected to be the second-largest health burden, behind cardiovascular illnesses, according to the World Health Organisation. The regular physical, mental, and social lives of depressed people and their families may be disrupted by untreated, chronic, or recurring depression. In the worst situations, a depressive may also have suicidal inclinations and behaviours. Therefore, it's crucial to diagnose and treat this illness at an early stage. Reduced energy, a poorer mood, and a lack of interest and pleasure are among of this disorder's most prevalent symptoms. Along with this, additional symptoms include diminished focus and attention, feeling restless and agitated, avoiding other people, a drive to harm oneself or commit suicide, a gloomy outlook on the future, poor sleep, changes in eating and weight, and the notion of shame and unworthiness. Ethanol has been used as a self-medication for anxiety since ancient times. Today, individuals still utilise it for this purpose. Several safe treatment options are now available to treat anxiety disorders, however none of them are successful owing to insufficient pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. As a result, new views on the ongoing endeavour known as "drug discovery" start to emerge. The most current antidepressant/ anti-anxiety compounds, together with their potential mechanisms of action, are presented in this review article.

Keywords: Depression, Anti-anxiety, Anti-depressant, 5HT3, Synthesis, Mechanism of Action.