Abstract

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON UNDERSTANDING BREAST CANCER'S ORIGINS AND RISK FACTORS

Jafar Sharif, Nurjamal Hoque*, Halema Khatun and Mohsin Rote

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Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy among women globally, with complex origins that involve genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This review presents an analysis of the primary risk factors associated with breast cancer development, encompassing genetic mutations, hormonal influences, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and reproductive history. This study reviews the background of breast cancer research, focusing on the development of knowledge regarding its pathogenesis and the interaction between inherited genetic mutations, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, and acquired risk factors. Methodology: The methodology involved a systematic review of the existing literature, which included epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and molecular research. Peer-reviewed articles published in the last two decades were identified through key database searches to analyze trends in risk factor identification and their correlation with breast cancer incidence. Attention was focused on the role of biomarkers and genetic screening in identifying highrisk individuals. Future perspectives: Future perspectives include the potential for innovative prevention strategies, such as personalized risk assessments informed by genetic and molecular profiles, alongside targeted interventions that consider both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. The review highlights the necessity for ongoing investigation into the socioeconomic and cultural factors associated with breast cancer risk, alongside the promise of novel therapies, including immunotherapy and gene editing, in decreasing breast cancer incidence and enhancing patient outcomes. Conclusion: comprehending the origins and risk factors of breast cancer is essential for enhancing early detection and prevention strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge and potential future directions in addressing this widespread disease.

Keywords: Breast Cancer, Ductal, Lobular, Risk Factors, Metastatic, Stages, Family, Woman.