Abstract

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON PRACTICAL APPROACH FOR DIAGNOSIS OF FATTY LIVER AND ITS CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Kaur Gurleen, Hitika*, Patil R. K. and Bhatti Gajendra

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Abstract

Background of the study: In India and other western nations, fatty liver disease is now the most common reason for liver illness. The frequency and incidence are rising as a result of poor eating patterns, weight gain, and sedentary lifestyle. In western countries like USA, UK and many other nations, fatty liver disease is the most frequent reason for abnormal liver function tests. Between 10-30% of Americans have fatty liver disease, which is comparable to the rates in Asia and Europe. According to evidence, 25% of healthy attendants have fatty livers that abdomen ultrasonography may detect. A condition known as fatty liver disease is characterized by the presence of >5- 10% hepatic steatosis and is frequently accompanied by one or more metabolic syndrome symptoms, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. One unrecognized cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis is “burned out” fatty liver disease. In order to prevent liver damage that might lead to liver failure, it is crucial to diagnose and treat fatty liver disease early and address any underlying risk factors. Aims and objectives: To conduct a systematic assessment of the current and upcoming methods for fatty liver disease staging and diagnosis in order to assist doctors and other health care professionals in accurately diagnosing and treating fatty liver. The evaluation of food quality for the treatment and prevention of fatty liver disease is another goal of this study. Results: Multiple non-invasive techniques such as Ultrasonography, Transient Elastography or Fibroscan, computed Tomography scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and serum Biomarkers like controlled attenuation parameter, CK-18 (cytokeratin-18) are now available, even though liver biopsy remains the gold standard test for detecting fatty liver and different stages of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. To evaluate hepatic fibrosis and disease activity, the fatty liver fibrosis score or fibroscan is advised. Ultrasound and fibroscan are non-invasive tests that may also identify later stages of hepatic steatosis, making them cost effective and patient-friendly even though liver biopsy is helpful in diagnosing severe fibrosis. Other non-invasive methods include fatty liver fibrosis score, BARD score, VCTE (Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography), shear Wave Elastography, Fatty liver index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), and Steato Test. Treatment options for fatty liver disease include medication, lifestyle changes such as calorie restriction and exercise that results in weight loss, and management of the condition’s underlying causes. To prevent fatty liver disease’s long-term effects, early diagnosis and appropriate care are essential.

Keywords: Fatty liver disease, obesity, hepatic fibrosis, Dyslipidemia.