Abstract

MECHANISMS OF RICIN POISONING: ISOLATION, MODE OF ACTION, AND IMPACT ON PROTEIN TRANSLATION

Santhosh G., Abhishek G.S., Niranjan R., Sumanth G., Bhoomika S., Akshara D.

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Abstract

Ricin, derived from Ricinus communis, is a potent toxin that inhibits protein synthesis and induces cell death via apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Aim and Objective: This review aims to elucidate ricin’s mode of action, isolation techniques, and impact on translation, with objectives focused on understanding its structural basis of toxicity and its potential medical applications alongside biosecurity concerns. Methodology: A comprehensive analysis of literature covers ricin's isolation from castor seeds, protein purification steps, and studies on its biochemical action. The A chain's depurination of ribosomal RNA halts protein synthesis, while the B chain facilitates cell entry, both necessary for ricin’s toxic effects. Conclusion: The dual-chain structure of ricin allows a precise mechanism of action, making it an effective cytotoxin with therapeutic promise in immunotoxins, yet a significant biosecurity risk due to its accessibility and ease of extraction. Implications: The findings emphasize the need for safety protocols to address the risks of ricin misuse, while encouraging further research into ricin-based therapies. The study underscores the importance of balancing therapeutic potential with rigorous countermeasures to mitigate public safety risks.

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