Abstract

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON MANAGEMENT OF HASHIMOTO’S DISEASE USING DIETARY APPROACHES

Hasan Ali Javed Badshah*, Mohamed Sami Najmuddin Ravuthar, Alfaz Abdul Aziz Pathan and Avinash Rangaraju

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Abstract

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism. First identified by Hakaru Hashimoto in 1912, this condition leads to chronic inflammation and dysfunction of the thyroid, primarily influenced by genetic factors, environmental triggers, and dietary habits. The autoimmune process is characterized by the infiltration of thyroid cells by T-cells and B-cells, which can be worsened by excessive iodine intake, selenium deficiency, and exposure to environmental pollutants. Diagnosing HT typically involves checking for elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), decreased free thyroxine (T4), and the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies. Recent research has revealed a link between HT and other autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, and highlighted the role of dietary changes, such as gluten-free and nutrient-rich diets, in managing symptoms. The main treatment for HT is levothyroxine, a synthetic version of the thyroid hormone T4, customized for each patient. Current studies are also investigating alternative therapies, including immunotherapies and dietary supplements, to improve thyroid function and regulate autoimmune activity. Given the significant impact of HT on cardiovascular health, collaborative management involving endocrinologists and cardiologists is crucial. This thorough understanding of Hashimoto’s disease emphasizes the need for early diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and the benefits of dietary adjustments in enhancing patient outcomes. Future research will delve deeper into the complexities of HT and explore more effective treatment options.

Keywords: Hashimoto’s disease, Vitamin D, Selenium, Paleo diet, Levothyroxine.