Abstract

CAR-T CELL THERAPY: NEW APPROACHES FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER

Tanishq Gupta*, Rishabh Kashiya and Varsha Gupta

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Abstract

Utilizing the immune system to precisely target and eradicate cancerous cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer (Sterner & Sterner, 2021). The development of CAR T cell therapy is reviewed here, covering its processes and progression from first-generation CARs to more sophisticated versions, such as second, third, and fourthgeneration CARs, also referred to as TRUCKs (T-cells Redirected for Antigen- unrestricted Cytokinin-initiated Killing) (Mohanty et al., 2019). To increase T cell activation, durability, and efficacy— particularly in overcoming the obstacles presented by solid tumors— each generation integrates improved co-stimulatory domains and inducible cytokine production (Holzinger & Abken, 2022c). With precision targeting and long-lasting responses, CAR T cell therapy has shown exceptional efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies, including B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell lymphomas, and multiple myeloma (CAR T Cells: Engineering Immune Cells to Treat Cancer, 2022). Significant obstacles still need to be overcome, though, such as manufacturing and logistical difficulties that prevent widespread accessibility and serious side effects include immunological effector cellassociated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) (Baker et al., 2023). Continuous research endeavors to address these unfavorable outcomes, optimize manufacturing procedures, and broaden the scope of CAR T cell therapy's use to a more extensive array of malignancies, encompassing solid tumors (Sharpe & Mount, 2015). Future developments are anticipated to improve CAR T cell therapy's efficacy, safety, and costeffectiveness while also providing patients with relapsed or refractory tumors with new hope (Majumder, 2023). This study highlights the promise of CAR T cell therapy to transform cancer treatment by providing a thorough analysis of its current state, clinical applications, advantages, difficulties, and future prospects.

Keywords: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, Oncology, Immunotherapy, Hematologic malignancies, Solid tumors, TRUCKs, Genetic engineering, Tumor microenvironment, Antigen escape, T cell persistence.