Abstract

PARKINSON’S DISEASE: ETIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND EMERGING THERAPIES

*Prajwal R. Nagre, Abhijeet B. Rathod, Ganesh M. Nagre and Bhagyashri K. Padul

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Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative condition affecting more than seven million individuals globally, manifests through the loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to diverse motor and non-motor symptoms.[1] The etiology of Parkinson’s disease remains largely unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. The neurotransmitter dopamine is implicated in regulating movement, motivation, memory, and other physiological processes. In individuals with Parkinson’s disease, the loss of dopaminergic neurons leads to a reduction in dopamine levels, which causes motor impairment and may also contribute to the cognitive deficits observed in some patients. review aims to explore PD's multifaceted nature, covering its introduction, prevalence patterns, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and varied treatment strategies.[1] Parkinson’s disease is a neurological condition that progresses over time and causes both motor and nonmotor symptoms.[3] Parkinson’s disease is influenced by a variety of factors, including aging, genetics and exposure to certain environmental toxins. Additionally, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation play pivotal roles in the development of PD.[3]

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