Abstract

AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Krishnananda Kamath K., Amrutha Ajith* and A. R. Shabaraya

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Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is the most prevalent motor neuron disease (MND) among a category of disorders that affect both upper and lower motor neurons. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that leads to the degeneration and death of motor neurons, causing muscle weakness and ultimately respiratory failure. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has a complicated etiology that includes risk factors from the environment as well as genetics. Although 5–10% of ALS cases are familial, the rest are sporadic, indicating that environmental factors play a substantial role in addition to genetic predispositions.[5][6] Understanding various interconnected mechanisms that lead to the degeneration of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is essential for the development of effective treatments.[8] These mechanisms include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and protein aggregation, all of which are important in the progression of the disease. ALS is mainly known for the physical difficulties it causes, but it also displays various cognitive, behavioural, and emotional symptoms. These non-motor symptoms can greatly affect patients' quality of life and outlook for the future. Comprehending these presentations is essential for successful management and assistance. Diagnosing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is intricate and involves using both clinical evaluations and a range of diagnostic tools. The main obstacle is the varying ways ALS can present itself, making it difficult to diagnose. A thorough strategy is necessary for precise recognition and prompt action. The management and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) require a comprehensive strategy focused on enhancing patient well-being and extending lifespan. Present approaches include disease modifying treatments, multidisciplinary support, and personalized supportive interventions for each patient's specific requirements. The next parts detail important factors in managing ALS. Ongoing studies on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are centred on comprehending its intricate pathophysiology, detecting biomarkers, and creating innovative treatment approaches. approaches.[22][ The use of new technologies and individualized medicine is influe ncing the future of ALS research, with a focus on improving patient results and the effectiveness of treatments.

Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Motor Neuron Disease (MND), Neuroinflammation, Excitotoxicity, Multidisciplinary Support, Bioma rkers