Abstract

AN AMENDED OVERVIEW OF THE AETIOLOGY, PROGNOSTIC, AND POTENTIAL COURSE OF TREATMENT: KIDNEY STONES/UROLITHIASIS (NEPHROLITHIASIS)

Yash Srivastav*, Rajdeep Gupta and Madhaw Kumar

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Abstract

Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that develop inside your kidneys. They are also known as renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis. The several causes of kidney stones include diet, being overweight, certain medical conditions, and certain drugs and supplements. Kidney stones have become more common over the previous century, at least in the more industrialized nations, while bladder stones were more common as people aged. Additionally, conservative approaches, therapy options, and "surgical" interventions have long been known. With a prevalence of roughly 12% worldwide, kidney stones are widespread. At around 12%, their incidence in India is comparable to that of other countries. It is comparatively higher in the northern region of India, where it is 15%. In India, urolithiasis affects about two million people annually, and certain regions have been designated as "stone belts." This article examines data about urolithiasis risk factors from an Indian viewpoint. You may have several therapy choices if kidney stones (urolithiasis) have been diagnosed. These include ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and medicinal therapy. The urethra, a single tube that allows urine from the bladder to exit the body, is a part of the urinary tract. The primary line of treatment for kidney stone discomfort is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. When it comes to medicinal expulsive therapy for kidney stone patients, alpha-blockers are the first option. Increasing fluid intake does not affect pain relief or kidney stone passage. In this article, we evaluate the underlying causes, potential treatments, and current status of kidney stones, also known as urolithiasis (nephrolithiasis).

Keywords: Kidney Stones or Urolithiasis (Nephrolithiasis), Etiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment.