Abstract

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF ANTIBIOTICS MISUSE IN THE COMMUNITY OF KOZHIKODE, INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Najiya Nahan, Aiswarya P., Abin K. S., Mohammed Sherbin T., Muhammed Shamil A. P. and U. S. Jijith*

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a global health concern primarily driven by the irrational use of antibiotics. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic misuse in society by conducting a cross-sectional observational survey among the general public. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 individuals aged 18-60, residing across the Kozhikode district using a validated questionnaire to understand the practices of antibiotic misuse, and the extent of knowledge on antibiotic resistance among the public. This study of 385 samples found that 85.7% had heard of antibiotic resistance, and 87% had used antibiotics previously. Notably, 33.8% bought antibiotics without consulting a doctor, often based on previous prescriptions (49%) or internet advice (17%). Misuse reasons included self-cure beliefs (44.5%) and cost-saving (21.5%). Alarmingly, 48% obtained antibiotics without a prescription from the pharmacy. Despite awareness programs reaching 53% of respondents, misuse remains prevalent, with only 54% completing their courses and 65% reporting doctors prescribing without lab tests. Antimicrobial resistance is rising and could become uncontrollable without prompt action. Proper antibiotic administration is essential. Identifying community flaws in antibiotic use can aid in addressing this issue. Public education, regardless of age or socioeconomic status, is crucial. Campaigns, workshops, events like "Antibiotic Awareness Week," and social media efforts can promote responsible antibiotic use. Enforcing policies that ban non-prescription antibiotic provision is vital to limit unnecessary consumption.

Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial resistance, Lack of knowledge, Misuse, Inappropriate use, Awareness, Mortality, Target modification, Public health.