Abstract

FROM DROPS TO GELS: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Juhi Rane*, Bhargav Bethi, Alfiya Gazali, Manjiri Waghere, Shruti Sadakal and Nandini Banerjee

Abstract

"Ophthalmic in situ gels have brought a significant breakthrough in ocular drug delivery. A major emphasis needs to be on addressing the challenges posed by the eye's inherent protective barriers. Traditional methods, like eye drops and ointments, frequently experience swift drug clearance caused by tear turnover and blinking, resulting in low bioavailability and the need for frequent applications. In contrast, in situ gel formulations are initially delivered as liquids but convert into gels upon exposure to certain physiological conditions, such as changes in temperature, pH, or ion concentration in the eye. This transition from sol to gel enables extended contact between the drug and ocular tissues, improving therapeutic efficacy and decreasing the need for frequent administration. The article discusses the range of polymers utilized to develop these systems, including temperaturesensitive polymers like poloxamer, pH-sensitive carbopol, and ionsensitive gellan gum. These materials enable controlled and sustained drug release, effectively overcoming the limitations associated with traditional delivery methods. The extended retention time afforded by in situ gels makes them particularly effective for treating chronic eye conditions, such as glaucoma, uveitis, and diabetic retinopathy, where it is essential to maintain stable therapeutic levels. Despite their potential benefits, in situ gels also encounter challenges, including stability issues and limitations on the amounts of drug that can be effectively delivered. Nonetheless, ongoing research is focused on optimizing these systems to enhance patient adherence and minimize systemic side effects, indicating a promising future for advancements in ophthalmic care."

Keywords: In-situ ocular gels, biodegradable, Occular drug delivery, controlled drug release, patient compliance, drug retention.