Abstract

SEPSIS- ORGAN DYSFUNCTION (A CELL DEATH): CAUSES, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL IMPACTS, SPECTRUM OF SEPSIS AND ETIOLOGY OF SEPSIS

*Pushpendra, Amisha Gautam, Dr. Neeraj Bhandari, Sanjoti and Aanchal Chandel

Abstract

A dysregulated host response to infection is the hallmark of sepsis, a potentially fatal illness that causes extensive inflammation, organ dysfunction, and, if left untreated, multiorgan failure. It causes a large number of hospital admissions and high mortality rates, making it a serious worldwide health concern. Although bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic illnesses can cause sepsis, the most frequent origins are infections of the lungs, urinary tract, abdomen, and circulation. The production of pro-inflammatory mediators, microvascular dysfunction, and immunological suppression are the results of the intricate interactions between microbial factors and host immune responses that characterise the pathophysiology of sepsis. The vague nature of its symptoms makes diagnosis difficult, however clinical criteria including the presence of infection and high inflammatory markers are frequently used. Improving survival results requires early detection and timely treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and organ support. The management of sepsis is still a clinical issue despite advancements in critical care, and research is still being done to find biomarkers for early identification, comprehend immunological systems, and create targeted medicines. In order to lower the incidence of sepsis and enhance patient outcomes, prevention techniques such as immunisation, infection control procedures, and the prudent use of antibiotics are essential.

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