Abstract

THE GUT MICROBIOME’S ROLE IN OBESITY-DRIVEN IMMUNE DYSREGULATION AND DIABETES PROGRESSION: MECHANISMS, IMPACTS, AND THERAPEUTIC INSIGHTS

Afsal NA, Epparlla Sumanth Babu, Md. Ayesha Sultana, A. Uma Maheswari, Chittepu Charankumar Reddy, N. L. Swathi*

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Abstract

The global rise in obesity and diabetes has spotlighted the gut microbiome as a potential link between these conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota-mediated immune responses play a pivotal role in driving chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, which are central to the progression of obesity and diabetes. This review aims to explore the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences immune responses in obesity and diabetes progression, discuss the current evidence connecting gut dysbiosis with metabolic inflammation, and evaluate therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiome. We conducted a narrative review of recent studies on gut microbiome composition in obesity, its role in modulating immune responses, and its downstream effects on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism. Both preclinical and clinical findings were assessed. This article is expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the gut microbiome’s role in obesity and diabetes, highlighting its contribution to immune-mediated chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. It will also outline promising therapeutic strategies and identify gaps for future research, paving the way for microbiome-targeted interventions in managing metabolic diseases.

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