Abstract

A REVIEW ON NANOPARTICLES AND ITS APPLICATION

T. Mathesvaran*, Dr. S. K. Senthilkumar, E. Aravind, T. Aruna, S. Dineshkumar, M. Durgadevi and P. Thilagavathy

Abstract

Nanoparticles, defined as particles with dimensions in the nanometer scale, have general significant attention across various scientific disciplines. Nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties, such as ultrasmall size, large surface area to mass ratio, and high reactivity, which are different from bulk materials of the same composition. These properties can be used to overcome some of the limitations found in traditional therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology is made up of nano-sized goods that can be altered in a variety of ways to improve their properties. Drugs that have been changed into the nano range have several distinct characteristics that can contribute to longer circulation and increased medicinal efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, characterization, and applications of nanoparticles. The classification section involves various types of nanoparticles, including metallic, metal oxide, polymeric, lipid-based, and carbon-based nanoparticles, highlighting their distinctive properties. The applications section explores the wide-ranging uses of nanoparticles in diverse domains such as medicine, electronics, environmental science, and energy. In medicine, nanoparticles are revolutionizing drug delivery, imaging, and diagnostics, enhancing the efficacy and precision of treatments. In electronics, they contribute to the development of smaller, faster, and more efficient devices. Environmental applications focus on water purification, pollution control, and sustainable agricultural practices. In the energy sector, nanoparticles play a crucial role in improving the efficiency of energy storage and conversion systems.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nanoparticles, Advantages of Nanoparticles, Disadvantages of Nanoparticles, Classification of Nanoparticles, Characterisation of Nanoparticles, Application of Nanoparticles.