Abstract

A REVIEW ON: DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL APPROACHES FOR THE FORMULATION OF INSULIN DELIVERY

S. Subhiksha* and M. Ramya

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the most prevalent and fatal diseases, is responsible for over 4 million deaths worldwide. Parenteral delivery is still the most common way to administer insulin, but it can't replicate the natural hypoglycemic action of insulin and causes fatty deposits and localized hypertrophy at injection sites. As a result, there is interest in and effort being made toward alternative administration routes, such as oral, nasal, and pulmonary. Insulin must maintain its form while it travels through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), however oral insulin administration reduces patient pain and facilitates medicine administration. The GIT's underlying intestinal epithelial membrane barrier, the presence of a mucus layer, and enzyme degradation are the three primary barriers to efficient oral insulin delivery. The A- chain, which has 21 amino acids, and the B-chain, which has 30 amino acids, make up its two chains, which add up to 51 amino acids. Two covalent disulfide bonds, CysA7 to CysB7 and CysA20 to CysB19, bind these two chains together.

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