Abstract

A BRIEF REVIEW ON POLIOMYELITIS

Avishek Mandal*

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, M.Pharm. Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.

Abstract

Polio is the type of a virus, species of enteroviruses. Two type of polio vaccine introduced which inactivated polio virus they are oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine(IVP). Post polio syndrome (PPS) may affect survivors of paralytic poliomyelitis and is characterised by a complex of neuromuscular symptoms leading to a decline in physical functioning. The effectiveness of pharmacological treatment and rehabilitation management in PPS is not yet established. To review systematically the effects of any treatment for PPS compared to placebo, usual care or no treatment. Post polio syndrome is characterized by the exacerbation of existing or new health problems, most often muscle weakness and fatigability, general fatigue, and pain, after a period of stability subsequent to acute polio infection. Diagnosis is based on the presence of a lower motor neuron disorder that is supported by neurophysiologic findings, with exclusion of other disorders as causes of the new symptoms. The syndrome is the result of new and progressive enervation (destruction of the nerves signalling the muscles), and even muscles showing no evidence of disease are involved. The motor neurons are unstable and damage continues to occur, resulting in a slowly progressing loss of muscle power. The most likely cause is either an immunologic or inflammatory event that affects most, perhaps all, of the muscles previously damaged by polio. Fortunately,no major new progressive muscular deterioration results. Exercise programs are beneficial, and patients can be assured that they will not return to their previous state of disability.

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