Abstract

MAGNETIC MICROSPHERES: PIONEERING ADVANCEMENTS IN PRECISION DRUG DELIVERY AND BEYOND

Reinhard David*, Ganesh N. S., J. Adlin Jino Nesalin and Vineeth Chandy

Abstract

Magnetic drug delivery is an innovative approach that involves attaching a drug to a biocompatible, magnetically responsive component, encapsulated in a biodegradable polymeric matrix. This method allows for precise targeting of therapeutic agents to specific sites within the body through the application of a high-gradient magnetic field, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects. Targeted magnetic systems include magnetic microspheres, liposomes, nanoparticles, resealed erythrocytes, and emulsions, with microspheres typically ranging in size from 1 to 1000 μm. These magnetic polymer microspheres consist of polymeric shells that prevent particle aggregation and magnetic cores (e.g., iron oxide, nickel, cobalt) that generate the magnetic response, facilitating targeted drug delivery. The polymeric shell not only protects the drug from degradation but also enhances its efficacy and minimizes toxicity. Magnetic particles can carry therapeutic drugs or radioisotopes, which are directed to the targeted area via an external magnetic field, resulting in higher concentrations at the disease site compared to traditional drug administration. Additionally, these particles are biocompatible, non-toxic, and show significant accumulation in target tissues. Various synthesis methods for these particles, such as continuous solvent evaporation, phase separation emulsion polymerization, crosslinking, and sonochemical methods, have been explored. This drug delivery system offers new opportunities in RNA and DNA separation, cell isolation, and environmental monitoring, demonstrating a promising avenue for improved bioanalysis and therapeutic applications.

Keywords: Magnetic microspheres, targeted drug delivery, controlled release, magnetite, phagocytosis.