Abstract

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON TREATMENT OF TYPES OF COLORECTAL CANCER

Prashanth K. and Hanumantharayappa B.*

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major worldwide health issue, ranking as the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer mortality. This paper provides an extensive review of CRC, with emphasis on its epidemiology, risk factors, classification, treatment options, and new therapies. The rising incidence among younger populations highlights the need for effective prevention strategies, including lifestyle modifications. Surgical intervention remains the cornerstone for resectable cases, while chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy are pivotal for non-resectable cases, despite their limitations. The classification of CRC into various types, predominantly adenocarcinomas, informs treatment strategies. Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinomas present unique challenges, including lower responses to standard chemotherapy regimens. Furthermore, novel therapies such as targeted molecular treatments, immunotherapies, and nanoparticle drugs are explored, emphasizing their potential in enhancing patient outcomes. The paper also addresses less common variants of CRC, including adenosquamous and spindle cell carcinomas, highlighting their distinct clinical features and treatment approaches. Overall, this study underscores the complexity of CRC and the necessity for ongoing research to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, ultimately aiming to reduce the burden of this multifaceted disease.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Chemotherapy, CRC, Therapies.