Abstract

ROAD MAP AHEAD FOR THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS: A REVIEW

B. Lakshmi Bhargavi and Sandur V. Rajendra*

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Abstract

Neurological conditions are defined by the progressive degeneration of neurones in the brain as well as spinal cord, resulting in cognitive and movement deficits. These include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Frontotemporal Dementia. Monogenic illnesses, such as HD and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), feature single-gene abnormalities, making gene therapy an appealing treatment option. Polygenic illnesses, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, have complicated genetic and environmental variables that make therapy difficult. Advanced therapeutics like as genetic modification, stem cell transplantation, and exosome delivery have the potential to target NDDs'. Antioxidant therapy using stem cells aimed at oxidative stress and brain repair, as well as CRISPR/Cas9 interventions, are examples of advancements for Alzheimer's disease. Antioxidant chemicals, dopaminergic medications, and stem-cell-derived models treat neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. HD research focusses on astrocyte regeneration and gene-editing methods to reduce genetic mutations. Gene therapy for ALS and SMA uses adeno-associated carriers plus stem-cellderived exosomes to prevent motor neurone degeneration. While these developments provide optimism, issues about delivery efficacy, ethics, and long-term life prolonging of an individual. Additional studies and investigations are required to convert these promising therapeutics into efficient therapies for patients struggling with debilitating NDDs.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinsons disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Neurodegenerative Disorders (NDDS).