Abstract

CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF SHLESHMA- DHARA KALA WITH SPECIAL REFRENCE TO ASTHI-SANDHI SHARIR

Singey Yodun* and Rajan

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Abstract

Introdction-Acharya Sushruta, the pioneer of Sharir, extensively described the anatomical structures and their functions in relation to life stages in Sushruta Samhita, particularly in Sharir Sthana. Among these, the concept of Kalas—membranous structures positioned between Dhatu (Tissues) and Ashaya (Organs)—holds significant importance. In Ayurveda, Kalas are classified into three types: Snayu (Fibrous), Jarayu (Serous), and Shleshma (Mucous), corresponding to modern connective and epithelial tissue membranes. Shleshma-dhara Kala is located in all Sandhis (Joints), facilitating smooth movement through lubrication, skin to synovial membranes in modern science. Aim-to study concept of shleshma- dhara kala with special refrence to asthi-sandhi sharir. Method- A literature review of Ayurvedic texts and modern anatomical references was conducted to establish the anatomical and physiological relevance of Shleshma-dhara Kala. Clinical significance is evident in joint-related pathologies such as Aamavata (Rheumatoid arthritis) and Sandhigata Vata (Osteoarthritis), where synovial fluid alterations affect joint mobility. Result-This study focuses on Shleshma-dhara Kala, described as the fourth Kala by Acharya Sushruta, and its correlation with synovial membranes in modern anatomy. Cadaveric observations of large synovial joints confirmed the presence of lubricated articular surfaces, indicative of synovial membranes secreting synovial fluid. Conclusion- The study concludes that Shleshma-dhara Kala shares functional and structural similarities with synovial membranes. This comparative analysis bridges Ayurvedic concepts with contemporary anatomical knowledge, reinforcing the scientific foundation of Ayurveda in understanding bodily structures.

Keywords: Kalas, connective tissue, synovial membranes, Shleshma-dhara, Synovial fluid.