Abstract

TERATOGENICITY OF TETRACYCLINES

*Shanmuganathan D. K., Sudesh S., Bejone J. S. and Giri M. D.

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Abstract

Tetracyclines, a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics, are widely used in the treatment of various infections. Despite their efficacy, tetracyclines, including tetracycline itself, doxycycline, and minocycline, are known to pose significant risks during pregnancy, particularly due to their teratogenic effects. This review explores the history, pharmacodynamics, mechanisms of action, and adverse effects of tetracyclines, with a focus on their potential teratogenicity and contraindications during pregnancy. Tetracyclines are associated with a range of teratogenic effects, such as permanent discoloration of teeth, inhibition of bone growth, and possible hepatotoxicity in the mother. Their ability to cross the placenta further raises concerns about fetal development. Although tetracyclines are commonly used to treat infections in non-pregnant populations, they are generally contraindicated during pregnancy, especially after the 16th week, dueto their adverse effects on fetal development. The article provides guidance for healthcare providers on alternative treatment options and emphasizes the need for caution when considering tetracycline use during pregnancy. Safer alternatives, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and erythromycin, should be prioritized, with tetracyclines reserved only for cases where no other effective options are available, and the infection presents a lifethreatening risk. The review also highlights the importance of monitoring, understanding the pharmacokinetics of tetracyclines, and being aware of potential toxicity and adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity, renal complications, and gastrointestinal distress.

Keywords: Tetracyclines, Broad-spectrum antibiotics, Teratogenic effect, Bone growth inhibition, Contraindication.