Abstract

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OPIOID VS. NON-OPIOID MEDICATIONS IN PAIN-RELATED FUNCTION AND PAIN INTENSITY

B. Sreeja, M. Guru Susmitha, N. Rizwana, P. Shiva Datta Sai and *Dr. D. Jothieswari

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Abstract

Introduction: Pain, an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, is a common health concern globally. Opioid medications, while effective, are associated with risks such as dependency and adverse side effects. Non-opioid medications, including NSAIDs and acetaminophen, offer alternatives with potentially lower risks. This study aims to compare the two classes of medications in terms of their impact on pain intensity, pain-related function, and side effects. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over six months at a secondary care hospital. Patients aged 18-65 years with pain conditions were included. Data were collected using questionnaires, patient interviews, and medical records. Pain intensity and pain-related function were assessed using validated scales, while side effects were monitored systematically. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Results: A total of 200 patients were included, with 130 receiving non-opioids and 70 receiving opioids. Non-opioid medications demonstrated greater effectiveness at reducing pain intensity (measured on a 10-point scale) compared to opioids. Side effects were significantly higher in the opioid group, with dizziness and drowsiness being the most common. Non-opioids, while generally safer, were associated with gastrointestinal side effects such as gastritis. Discussion: The findings highlight the effectiveness of non-opioid medications in managing pain with fewer adverse effects compared to opioids. These results align with existing literature suggesting the benefits of NSAIDs and acetaminophen in pain management. While opioids may be necessary for severe pain, their use should be carefully monitored to minimize risks. Conclusion: This study underscores the advantages of non-opioid medications in pain management, particularly in terms of efficacy and safety. Healthcare providers should prioritize non opioid options when feasible and ensure stringent monitoring when prescribing opioids.

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