Abstract

LIVER CIRRHOSIS: CURRENT INSIGHTS AND EMERGING THERAPIES

Priya Sharma*, Sourab Dhiman, Dr. Bhartendu Sharma, Dr. Ravinesh Mishra

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Abstract

Liver cirrhosis is a progressive liver disease characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrous scar tissue, resulting in the impairment of liver function. The most common causes of cirrhosis include chronic alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis (especially hepatitis B and C), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and autoimmune liver disorders. The disease progresses in stages, from compensated cirrhosis, where the liver can still perform its functions, to decompensated cirrhosis, where liver failure occurs, leading to complications such as portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Early diagnosis through imaging and liver biopsy, along with monitoring of liver function tests, is crucial for managing cirrhosis. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, preventing complications, and improving quality of life. In advanced cases, liver transplantation may be required. Despite medical advancements, cirrhosis remains a significant public health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates. This report delves into the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for liver cirrhosis, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and comprehensive care.

Keywords: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Protein Synthesis, Lipid Metabolism, Calcium Signaling, Cell Stress Response.