Abstract

ADVANCEMENTS IN HYPERPIGMENTATION TREATMENT: EVALUATING THE EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY OF 4-NBUTYLRESORCINOL, PEPTIDES, AND CYSTEAMINE

Ayushi Rai, Tabish Nisar*, Riti Garg and Ravina Goyal

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Abstract

Hyperpigmentation is a common dermatological condition characterized by Excessive melanin production leads to visible skin discoloration. It is influenced by multiple factors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, hormonal Imbalances, inflammation, and genetic predisposition. Hyperpigmentation can Significantly impact an individual’s psychological well-being, leading to Distress and reduced self-confidence. Hydroquinone has long been the gold. standard for treating hyperpigmentation; however, concerns regarding its safety and tolerability, including potential adverse effects such as exogenous Ochronosis and skin irritation, have prompted the development of alternatives. Depigmenting agents. Among these, 4-n-butyl resorcinol, peptides, and cysteamine Have emerged as effective and safer options. This review evaluates their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles based on the latest Research. The findings suggest that these agents not only provide effective. Pigmentation control but also offers superior tolerability compared to hydroquinone, making them viable options for long-term hyperpigmentation Management. Additionally, the review discusses the potential of a combination. therapies involving these agents to enhance treatment outcomes and improve Patient adherence.

Keywords: Hyperpigmentation, 4-n-Butylresorcinol, Peptides, Cysteamine, Depigmentation Agents, Melanin Inhibition, Skin Pigmentation Disorders, Dermatological Treatments, Combination Therapy, Tyrosinase Inhibitors.