Abstract

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NEEM ANTIMICROBIAL LINCTUS

Vaikumdam Kannabirran*, Deepak Anandhan, Baskar Karunagaran, Senthilkumar Krishnan and Gnanasekar N.

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Abstract

Neem (Azadirachta indica), a medicinal plant with extensive antimicrobial properties, has been widely studied for its therapeutic potential against various human pathogens. This comprehensive review explores the formulation and evaluation of neem-based antimicrobial linctuses, focusing on extracts derived from different parts of the neem tree, including leaves, bark, seeds, and oil. Neem's bioactive compounds, such as azadirachtin, nimbolide, and catechin, exhibit significant antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. The formulation process involves optimizing excipients for stability, palatability, and bioavailability while maintaining the efficacy of neem extracts. Evaluation studies demonstrate neem's effectiveness against pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Salmonella typhi. In silico studies reveal strong ligandreceptor interactions between neem phytochemicals and inflammatory markers, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and C-reactive protein (CRP), supporting its anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro tests confirm neem's ability to inhibit microbial growth and biofilm formation, with minimum inhibitory concentrations comparable to conventional antibiotics. Stability tests indicate that neem-based linctuses retain their antimicrobial efficacy over time. Additionally, toxicity assessments highlight their safety for oral administration. This review underscores the potential of neem-derived linctuses as a natural alternative to synthetic antimicrobials, particularly in combating drug-resistant pathogens. Future research should focus on standardizing formulations and conducting clinical trials to establish neem's therapeutic significance in infectious disease management.

Keywords: 1. Neem Extracts 2. Antimicrobial Linctus 3. Bioactive Compounds 4. Drug Resistance 5. Phytotherapy