Abstract

AN INSIGHT ON HEPATOTOXICITY MODELS BIOMARKERS AND PHARMACOTHERAPY

Rajneesh Kumar* and Dr. Sagarika Majhi

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Abstract

A major problem in both research and clinical settings is hepatotoxicity, a severe form of liver damage brought on by medications, chemicals, or environmental pollutants. Developing successful therapies requires an understanding of its mechanics. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental hepatotoxicity models have been essential in clarifying the pathophysiological mechanisms behind liver injury. To simulate different types of liver damage and gain understanding of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, rodent models, organoids, and cell cultures are frequently used. New methods like organ-on-chip systems and 3D bioprinting are making these models more translationally relevant. In order to diagnose and track hepatotoxicity, biomarkers are essential. Novel indicators such microRNAs, high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) are becoming more well-known due to their selectivity and early detection skills, while more conventional markers like alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) continue to be used. Proteomics and genomics developments are adding new biomarkers to the repertory, which should lead to improved clinical results. Hepatotoxicity pharmacotherapy encompasses both traditional and novel approaches. Novel strategies that target oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways supplement standard therapies, such as N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen-induced toxicity. Because they have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, herbal remedies and natural substances like curcumin and silymarin have the ability to protect the liver. This review emphasizes how sophisticated models, biomarkers, and pharmacotherapies may work together to improve hepatotoxicity management and promote the creation of safer treatments.

Keywords: Hepatotoxicity, Biomarkers, Pharmacotherapy, Hepatoprotection.