Abstract

A REVIEW ON: NANOSCALE INNOVATIONS IN ALZHEIMER’S TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT

Prof. Tanuja M. Wankhede*, Aditi N. Deshmukh, Gauri D. Deshmukh, Sakshee A.

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still one of the most difficult neurodegenerative diseases to treat, consisting of amyloid-beta-based plaques, lowering tau proteins, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Traditional ways to treat AD have several drawbacks such as poor drug bioavailability, low blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and systemic side effects. Nanoscale particles including liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, have become a viable tool in recent years for improving drug delivery, increasing the accuracy of diagnostics and possibly altering the effect of the disease. These exhibit valuable properties like high surface to volume ratio, variable sizes and adaptability that allows controlled release of drugs, target sites and promote the early identification of Alzheimer’s Disease biomarkers. Their ability to reduce drug toxicity, improve the emptying rate of amyloid-beta molecules and regulate neuroinflammatory pathways providing protection are examined in this review. We go over their benefits over traditional treatment, possible issues with clearance and biocompatibility and potential future prospects for clinical research. Multifunctional platforms merged with therapeutics, personalized medicines according to genetics and various nanocarriers showing enhanced biocompatibility are just a small part of the vast world of nanotechnology. Although, some demerits include drug toxicity, large-scale manufacturing and its cost, along with the regulatory issues that need to be checked on before the execution. Thus, the nanoscale approach towards Alzheimer paves a novel treatment and management perspective for patients.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s, nanomaterials, blood-brain barrier, neurodegenerative disease, drug toxicity, poor dug permeability.