Abstract

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON CONVENTIONAL AND MODERN EXTRACTION METHODS FOR MEDICINAL HERBS

Sayyad Kaufiya D., Mundkar Sangita S.*, Ainule Ashwini B., Misal Rutuja M., Bagde Samrudhi V., Giri Shrinivas S. and Khadap Rushikesh R.

Abstract

Herbal medicine has been used for thousands of years, with early records from the Sumerians and continued global use, especially in developing countries. Despite the rise of synthetic drugs like aspirin, interest in plant-based treatments remains strong due to the limitations of conventional medicine and the belief in the safety of natural products. About 25% of modern drugs originate from plants. Traditional extraction methods like maceration, percolation, infusion, and decoction have long been used, but they are time-consuming and less efficient. To improve yield and efficiency, advanced extraction techniques like Soxhlet extraction, steam distillation, microwaveassisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have been developed. Each method varies in effectiveness, required expertise, cost, and environmental impact. The efficiency of extraction depends on factors such as solvent choice, particle size, and temperature. Despite advances, traditional methods are still valuable for their simplicity and accessibility.c

Keywords: Extraction Methods, Herbal extraction, Comparative study, Phytochemical extraction, Extraction efficiency.