Abstract

GUT-MICROBIOME DYSREGULATION AS THE MAJOR RISK FACTOR IN OBESITY

Kaiser Jamil*

Abstract

Most recently, scientific research has dramatically shifted our understanding of the root causes of obesity. Traditionally, this metabolic disorder has been seen primarily through the lens of genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors such as diet and physical inactivity. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that there is another key player in the obesity epidemic that has been largely overlooked: the gut microbiome. The trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms that inhabit our gastrointestinal tract play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, immune function, and energy balance. Studies have demonstrated that certain gut bacteria are linked to metabolic disorders and obesity. For instance, individuals with a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes F/B ratio, bacteria in their gut were more likely to be associated with obese individuals. The presence of Firmicutes was associated with a 20% increase in calorie absorption from food. Additionally, specific bacteria such as Proteobacteria have been consistently reported as obesity-associated. Prevotella spp. and, Roseburia spp. are butyrate producers; improve insulin sensitivity, in diabetic and obese individuals, Bacteroidetesinversely correlate with BMI, Clostridium spp. promotes inflammation and gut permeability, further, Enterobacter spp., are endotoxin producers; contribute to systemic inflammation in obese and diabetic individuals.

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