Abstract

NANO CARRIERS IN DRUG DELIVERY: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS

Abhishek Kumar*, Dr. Arpita Singh, Anupama Maurya and Urmila Nishad

Abstract

The fact that nanocarriers emerged as a revolutionary tool in drug delivery has significantly improved drug bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of pharmaceutical agents. Based on the nanoscale delivery systems such as liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles and micelles, the targeted and controlled drug release has been achieved to improve drug accumulation at the site of action and to reduce the systemic side effect. Nanocarriers make them versatile in being able to carry a large range of therapeutic agents from chemotherapeutic drugs to proteins, peptides and nucleic acids with improved but fewer toxic characteristics. However, the challenges of biocompatibility, scalability, regulatory approval and safety in the long term still have to be solved. This review presents a general overview of the recent attempt in developing drug delivery systems based nanocarrier that covers the different types of nanocarriers, the applications in different therapeutic areas with the strategies of overcoming the present limitations. Secondly, the article highlights future directions of nanocarriers, including integrated personalized medicine, multifunctional nanocarriers, advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence of nanocarrier design. Nanocarriers, in general, represent an exciting frontier in drug delivery, and the ability to use them in the treatment of a large variety of diseases that includes cancer, infectious diseases and neurological disorders.

Keywords: Nanocarriers, drug delivery, liposomes, dendrimers, targeted drug release, biocompatibility, personalized medicine.