Abstract

UNDERSTANDING THE CHEMISTRY & PHARMACOLOGY OF BENZOTRIAZOLE IN PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

Pratik V. Malvade*, Hemlata S. Bhawar and Vaijanti A. Medge

Abstract

Benzotriazole is a bicyclic heterocyclic compound that has important implications in medicinal chemistry due to multiple biological activities. Benzotriazole is characterized by fused benzene and triazole ring having molecular formula C₆H₅N₃ and provides unique electronic properties that enhance its stability and reactivity at the same time. Literature showed that wide range of pharmacological activities like antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties are present with benzotriazole derivatives. Notably, some derivatives showed potent antimicrobial activity against resistant strains such as MRSA. The potential of benzotriazole derivatives to inhibit critical enzymes and modulate biological pathways positions them as promising candidates for drug development. Moreover, advances in synthetic methodologies allowed preparation of novel derivatives with improved efficacy and safety profiles. However, toxicity, bioavailability, and resistance development still continue to pose challenges in the successful application of these compounds at a clinical level. This review integrates existing information with benzotriazole derivatives concerning the synthesis, biological activities, and potential applications as therapeutic agents with its flexibility and importance in the realm of drug design. This review aims to encouragement of further research by exploring structureactivity relationships and recent advances in the field for benzotriazole's therapeutic potential across a number of disease models.

Keywords: Benzotriazole, Heterocyclic Scaffold, Anticancer, anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antimicrobial, Drug Development.