Abstract

OSTEOARTHRITIS REVISITED: ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Ravindra Choudhary* and Dr. R. S. Tomar

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Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of disability worldwide, particularly among the aging population. Characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, subchondral bone changes, and synovial inflammation, OA leads to chronic pain, stiffness, and functional impairment. The disease is multifactorial, influenced by aging, mechanical stress, obesity, genetics, and lifestyle factors. Despite its high prevalence, especially in weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, the pathogenesis of OA remains complex and incompletely understood. Current treatment approaches are primarily symptomatic, focusing on pain management and improving joint function, while disease-modifying therapies are still under investigation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and emerging therapeutic strategies in osteoarthritis, with a particular emphasis on the challenges and opportunities for early diagnosis and intervention. Advancements in molecular research and imaging technologies offer promising directions for improving patient outcomes and personalizing care in OA management.

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