Abstract

DIABETES MELLITUS AND THE ANTERIOR SEGMENT OF EYE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF OCULAR IMPLICATIONS

Dr. Pranjal Patil*, Dr. Mayur Shiralkar, Dr. Pallavi Jagtap, Dr. Santosh Rahinj, Dr. Anand Kale, Dr. Atri Ghosh and Dr. Aiswarya Krishna

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by insufficient insulin production or impaired insulin response, leading to elevated blood glucose concentrations. It is particularly prevalent in developing regions and among migrant and minority populations in industrialized nations. This disorder poses significant ophthalmological challenges, as diabetic eye disease has become increasingly common due to extended life expectancy and the prevalence of sedentary lifestyles. Although diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been extensively investigated as a progressive blinding condition affecting millions globally, diabetes also contributes to various other ocular complications, including cataracts, refractive abnormalities, and cranial nerve palsies. Virtually all ocular structures can manifest diabetes-related alterations, encompassing the orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, lens, and iris. Frequently observed complications include microvascular disruptions, epithelial fragility, corneal endothelial dysfunction, and neuropathological involvement. The association between diabetes and glaucoma remains an area of active debate, though certain studies suggest a potential connection. This review comprehensively examines diabetes-induced ocular complications, underscoring the critical importance of prompt detection and effective management strategies to safeguard vision and promote overall ocular health.

Keywords: Diabetes, Ophthalmology, Ant. Segment of eye, Netra.