Abstract

ENGINEERING EXOSOMES FOR ENHANCED DRUG DELIVERY

Yashica Chauhan*, Lochan Darji, Purvi Rathi, Aditya Pant and Dr. B. S. Sonigara

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Abstract

Exosomes, cell-secreted extracellular vesicles, are promising drug delivery tools due to biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and innate ability to cross biological barriers. This review examines their therapeutic potential, detailing biogenesis via endosomal multivesicular body formation. Engineering strategies including encapsulation of therapeutic agents (e.g., CRISPR components, anticancer drugs), and surface modifications, such as ligand conjugation and membrane functionalization, enhance targeting and delivery efficiency. Their applications span diverse fields like oncology, neurodegeneration, and tissue regeneration, leveraging their cell-specific delivery and immune modulation. Clinical trials highlight progress in cancer and inflammatory diseases, yet challenges in manufacturing standardization, scalability, and regulatory hurdles remain. Exosome-based therapies offer transformative potential for precision medicine but require solutions to current limitations for successful clinical translation.

Keywords: Multivesicular, Regenerative medicine, Nanocarriers, Surface modification, Electroporation, Microfluidics, Sonication, Extrusion, Immunogenicity, Targeting ligands.