Abstract

TOPICAL WISDOM: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MALAHARA KALPANA IN AYURVEDA

Jithesh T. Poojary*, Sajith M. and Manjunath Bhat

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Abstract

Malahara Kalpana represents a significant development in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, focusing on topical dosage forms designed for external application. The term "Malahara" was first mentioned in Yoga Ratnakara and is believed to have evolved under the influence of Unani pharmacology, particularly from the term Malaham. These formulations typically consist of a lipid-based medium—such as sesame oil, ghee, or beeswax—into which active herbal or mineral ingredients are incorporated. This review highlights the conceptual evolution, preparation techniques, ingredients, and pharmaceutical relevance of Malahara Kalpana, while drawing parallels with modern ointment technology. Classical Ayurvedic texts such as Rasatarangini provide detailed methods for preparing bases like Siktha Taila, combining beeswax and oils in specific proportions that vary seasonally. The active ingredients include a wide range of therapeutic agents such as Karpura, Tuttha, Sindura, and Sphatika, each conferring unique pharmacological actions like anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, or wound-healing properties. These formulations exhibit qualities such as Snehana (Oleation), Ropana (Healing), and Lekhana (Scraping), making them suitable for various dermatological and musculoskeletal conditions. From a modern perspective, Malaharas align closely with ointments, which are defined as semi-solid anhydrous preparations used topically for drug delivery or emollient action. They can be manufactured via fusion or trituration techniques, ensuring homogenous drug dispersion. This review underscores the relevance of Malahara Kalpana in both traditional and contemporary medicine. Standardizing these formulations and exploring their therapeutic efficacy through modern clinical and pharmacological research can significantly contribute to the integration of Ayurveda into mainstream topical therapy.

Keywords: Malahara Kalpana, Siktha Taila, Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, topical formulations.