Abstract

FOCUS ON EMERGING TRENDS IN POLYMERIC FORMULATIONS FOR GINGIVITIS TREATMENT

*Umamaheswari D., Senthil Prabhu R., Preethi J., Ashwini J., Priyadharshini S. and Preethika M.

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Abstract

Gingivitis, a prevalent and reversible form of periodontal disease, is characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissues primarily induced by microbial plaque accumulation. It represents the initial stage of periodontal pathology, marked by clinical symptoms such as bleeding gums, erythema, oedema, halitosis, and in some cases, discomfort during mastication. If left untreated, gingivitis may progress to periodontitis, leading to irreversible periodontal destruction. Conventional treatment modalities focus on mechanical plaque control and systemic antibiotics. However, systemic therapy often leads to undesirable side effects and limited drug concentration at the target site. As a result, localized drug delivery systems (LDDS) have emerged as a promising alternative to enhance therapeutic outcomes while minimizing systemic exposure. Matrix-type delivery systems including biodegradable fibers, mucoadhesive films, injectable formulations, microcapsules, and in situ gels allow sustained drug release directly into the gingival sulcus. Natural polymers such as chitosan, alginate, and guar gum offer biodegradability and muco-adhesiveness, while synthetic and semisynthetic polymers like Eudragit, HPMC, and Carbopol provide controlled release properties. Smart polymers responsive to stimuli such as temperature and pH have been explored to formulate advanced in situ gels. The review also compiles and critically analyses recent clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of polymer- based films, fibres, and other localized formulations, as well as currently marketed products for gingivitis treatment. This comprehensive insight into polymer-based LDDS highlights their potential as an effective strategy for gingivitis management and future periodontal therapies.

Keywords: Gingivitis, Local drug delivery systems, Mucoadhesive polymers, Matrix-Type drug delivery systems, In situ gel formulations.