Abstract

ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY: A HOSPITAL-BASED COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PREVALENCE, TYPES, AND MATERNAL OUTCOME

L.Tejasri, M. Vanaja, M. Gowthami, B. Prasad Rao, Dr. M. Purushothaman, Rajani G.*

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Abstract

Anaemia in pregnancy is a major global health concern, particularly in developing countries, where it contributes significantly to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This review critically examines hospital-based data on the prevalence, types, risk factors, and maternal outcomes of anaemia during pregnancy. The condition is characterized by low haemoglobin levels that impair oxygen transport, affecting both mother and foetus. Iron deficiency is identified as the leading cause, with additional contributions from nutritional deficiencies, parasitic infections, and socio-economic challenges. The review highlights the high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospitals, with moderate severity being most common. Anaemia during pregnancy is linked to a heightened risk of maternal complications such as preeclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage, increased susceptibility to infections, and a greater likelihood of maternal mortality. Neonatal outcomes affected by maternal anaemia include low birth weight, preterm delivery, and stillbirth. Hospital-based studies emphasize the importance of early diagnosis through routine screening, effective management with iron and folic acid supplementation, and addressing underlying causes such as poor nutrition and infections. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated healthcare strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia in pregnancy, thereby improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes in hospital settings and beyond.

Keywords: Anaemia, Pregnancy, Maternal Outcome, Iron Deficiency, Hospital-Based Study, Prevalence, Public Health.